This one goes out to trainers and trainees alike. You’re in the gym, pressing 20s for a set of 8. You finish the set and think, “Hmm… I could do more.” So, do you add more reps? Or do you grab the 25s?

I’m Annie Miller, certified strength and conditioning specialist. I help you learn as you train and enjoy your lifts again without having to figure it out for yourself. Today, we’re breaking down how to decide whether to add volume or weight first in your workouts.

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There’s No One-Size-Fits-All Rule

Let’s be clear: there is no single correct answer to this question. There’s no universal rule you’ll be breaking by choosing one approach over the other. My goal here is to give you confidence in your decision-making and help you understand the “why” behind your choice.

My General Rule: Capacity First

In most cases, capacity wins — meaning I’ll almost always recommend increasing volume (more reps or sets) before increasing load.

Why? Because capacity is the foundation for load. When load exceeds capacity, you may run a higher risk of injury or overtraining. And nobody wants that.

Adding volume builds movement proficiency, improves time under tension, and expands your work capacity — all of which prepare your body for heavier loads down the line.

If you’re unfamiliar with how to choose the right weight in the first place, check out this post:
3 Simple Strategies for Choosing Weights When Lifting

A Real-Life Example

Let’s revisit the earlier dumbbell press example. You’re doing 3 sets of 8 at 20 pounds, and it’s starting to feel too easy.

Here are two ways to add volume:

• Add another set of 8
• Increase reps to 10

Now you’ve created more challenge without adding load. You continue progressing for another training phase or two. Eventually, it’s time to bump the weight.

You grab the 25s.

But here’s the deal — five-pound jumps in upper body lifts can be brutal. So even if you keep your reps at 10, be prepared to drop to 8s temporarily while your body adjusts to the new weight. Once you can do 10 reps at 25 pounds, great — volume is back up, and you’ve increased your load.

That’s how you cycle between volume and weight in a simple, effective way.

It’s a Dance — Not a Line

This decision-making process isn’t linear. It’s a back-and-forth dance between two training variables: volume and load.

If you’re newer to lifting, you can make incredible progress by just manipulating these two. No need to overhaul your program every week. You don’t have to change 17 variables to get stronger. Small, consistent tweaks to volume and weight can go a long way.

Looking to dial in your full training split? Start here:
Best Training Split for Muscle Growth

A Note on RPE

Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) plays a huge role here. Use it as a guide.

If your sets feel like a 6 or 7 out of 10, try increasing volume.
If your reps are strong and clean at an 8 RPE or higher, maybe it’s time to test the next weight up.
Always pair smart programming with good judgment.

Final Thoughts

Whether you’re building a program or following one, knowing when to add volume or weight first will make your training more efficient and effective.

Here’s the short version:

• Start by increasing volume (reps or sets)
• Add load once volume gets easy or stale
• Cycle between the two based on how your body responds
• Let RPE guide you, not ego

Don’t overthink it. Just be intentional. And remember: consistent effort over time is what builds muscle, strength, and confidence.